Encoding classical information into quantum resources

TL;DR

This paper develops a general framework for encoding classical information into quantum states using resource theories, providing bounds on encoding capacity and linking it to resource measures like coherence.

Contribution

It introduces a unified approach to quantum encoding with resource theories, deriving bounds and operational interpretations for encoding capacities.

Findings

Upper bounds on one-shot encoding messages based on information spectrum relative entropy.

Matching lower bounds for certain resource destroying maps, such as twirling channels.

Operational interpretation of resource monotones like the relative entropy of coherence.

Abstract

We introduce and analyse the problem of encoding classical information into different resources of a quantum state. More precisely, we consider a general class of communication scenarios characterised by encoding operations that commute with a unique resource destroying map and leave free states invariant. Our motivating example is given by encoding information into coherences of a quantum system with respect to a fixed basis (with unitaries diagonal in that basis as encodings and the decoherence channel as a resource destroying map), but the generality of the framework allows us to explore applications ranging from super-dense coding to thermodynamics. For any state, we find that the number of messages that can be encoded into it using such operations in a one-shot scenario is upper-bounded in terms of the information spectrum relative entropy between the given state and its version with erased resources. Furthermore, if the resource destroying map is the twirling channel over some unitary group, we find matching one-shot lower-bounds as well. In the asymptotic setting where we encode into many copies of the resource state, our bounds yield an operational interpretation of resource monotones such as the relative entropy of coherence and its corresponding relative entropy variance.