IRIS Mg II Observations and Non-LTE Modeling of Off-limb Spicules in a Solar Polar Coronal Hole

TL;DR

This study analyzes IRIS Mg II observations of off-limb spicules in a solar polar coronal hole, using non-LTE modeling to interpret line profiles and the effects of multiple spicules along the line of sight.

Contribution

It introduces multi-slab non-LTE models with random LOS velocities to accurately reproduce observed Mg II line profiles in solar spicules.

Findings

Multi-slab models with random velocities reproduce observed line widths.

Line profiles at higher altitudes match single-slab models.

LOS superposition significantly affects line width interpretation.

Abstract

We investigated the off-limb spicules observed in the Mg II h and k lines by IRIS in a solar polar coronal hole. We analyzed the large dataset of obtained spectra to extract quantitative information about the line intensities, shifts, and widths. The observed Mg II line profiles are broad and double-peaked at lower altitudes, broad but flat-topped at middle altitudes, and narrow and single-peaked with the largest Doppler shifts at higher altitudes. We use 1D non-LTE vertical slab models (i.e. models which consider departures from Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium) in single-slab and multi-slab configurations to interpret the observations and to investigate how a superposition of spicules along the line of sight (LOS) affects the synthetic Mg II line profiles. The used multi-slab models are either static, i.e. without any LOS velocities, or assume randomly assigned LOS velocities of individual slabs, representing the spicule dynamics. We conducted such single-slab and multi-slab modeling for a broad set of model input parameters and showed the dependence of the Mg II line profiles on these parameters. We demonstrated that the observed line widths of the h and k line profiles are strongly affected by the presence of multiple spicules along the LOS. We later showed that the profiles obtained at higher altitudes can be reproduced by single-slab models representing individual spicules. We found that the multi-slab model with a random distribution of the LOS velocities ranging from -25 to 25 km s$^{-1}$ can well reproduce the width and the shape of Mg II profiles observed at middle altitudes.