Experimental Investigation of the Settling Characteristics of Carbon and Metal Oxide Nanofuels

TL;DR

This study introduces a low-cost, non-invasive method to analyze the long-term stability of nanofuels containing carbon and metal oxide nanoparticles, revealing different settling behaviors and metastable states.

Contribution

It presents a novel, non-contact experimental setup for assessing nanofuel suspension stability over time, applicable to various nanoparticle types and fuel combinations.

Findings

Metal oxides exhibit multiple metastable settling states.

Initial concentration affects settling rates.

Liquid column height influences suspension stability.

Abstract

Fuels dispersed with engineered nanoparticle additives, or nanofuels, are desirable for the vastly different combustion properties such as combustion rate and ignition delay they exhibit compared to base fuels. The stability of such nanofuels over time and under different particle loadings is a very important parameter to consider before they can be put into practical use. Many techniques exist today to analyze suspension stability, which have been developed to analyze water-based nanofluids. Sometimes these techniques can be expensive, and/or require specialized equipment, and/or require a method that is invasive and disturbs the suspension. Present research uses a non-contact, non-invasive, low-cost experimental setup to analyze suspension stability over long periods of time. Nanofuels made from carbon-based nanomaterials (acetylene black, multiwalled carbon nanotubes) and metal oxide nanomaterials (copper oxide, aluminum oxide) with hydrocarbon fuels (canola biodiesel, petrodiesel) have been prepared and their settling rates have been analyzed over the period of three days. It is found that metal oxides go through several metastable states as they settle. The effect of initial concentration and liquid column height is shown. It is hoped that present research showcases the positive traits of the presented technique and will spark further interest in nanofuel stability.