Photometric light curve solutions of three ultra-short period eclipsing binaries

TL;DR

This study analyzes three ultra-short period eclipsing binaries using new light curves, modeling their properties and evolutionary states, revealing one as a contact system and two as detached low-mass binaries.

Contribution

First detailed light curve analysis of three ultra-short period eclipsing binaries using Wilson-Devinney modeling, including evolutionary implications.

Findings

CSS J112237.1+395219 is a W UMa type contact binary with a shallow contact degree.

LINEAR 1286561 and LINEAR 2602707 are detached low-mass M-type binaries.

CSS J112237.1+395219 may be in a key evolutionary state according to TRO theory.

Abstract

We present the results of our study of the eclipsing binary systems CSS J112237.1+395219, LINEAR 1286561 and LINEAR 2602707 based on new CCD $B$, $V$, $R_c$ and $I_c$ complete light curves. The ultra-short period nature of the stars \citep{Drake2014} is confirmed and the system's periods are revised. The light curves were modelled using the 2005 version of the Wilson-Devinney code. When necessary, cool spots on the surface of the primary component were introduced to account for asymmetries in the light curves. As a result, we found that CSS J112237.1+395219 is a W UMa type contact binary system belonging to W subclass with a mass ratio of $q=1.61$ and a shallow degree of contact of 14.8\% where the primary component is hotter than the secondary one by $500K$. LINEAR 1286561 and LINEAR 2602707 are detached binary systems with mass ratios $q=3.467$ and $q=0.987$ respectively. These detached systems are low-mass M-type eclipsing binaries of similar temperatures. The marginal contact, the fill-out factor and the temperature difference between components of CSS J112237.1+395219 suggest that this system may be at a key evolutionary state predicted by the Thermal Relaxation Oscillation theory (TRO). From the estimated absolute parameters we conclude that our systems share common properties with others ultra-short period binaries.