Inverted rear-heterojunction GaInP solar cells using Te memory effect

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a novel inverted GaInP solar cell using Te memory effect for doping, resulting in increased bandgap, higher open-circuit voltage, and reduced emitter resistance, with promising efficiency improvements.

Contribution

It introduces a Te memory effect-based doping method for GaInP solar cells, enabling bandgap tuning and improved electrical properties without additional surfactants.

Findings

Bandgap increased by ~35 meV due to Te doping.

Open-circuit voltage improved by 109 mV.

Emitter sheet resistance reduced from 551 to 147 ohms/sq.

Abstract

Tellurium allows attaining heavy n-type doping levels in GaAs, which is suited to achieve very low contact resistivities in solar cells. Besides, it modifies the energy bandgap of MOVPE-grown GaInP by reducing the group-III sublattice ordering and presents a strong memory effect which induces residual n-type doping in subsequent layers, potentially detrimental to the performance of the solar cell. In this work, we present an inverted rear-heterojunction GaInP solar cell that employs a thick Te-doped GaInP layer as absorber, with a doping profile obtained exclusively by controlling the memory effect of Te coming from the preceding growth of a heavily doped GaAs contact layer. In this way, GaInP is partially disordered with the use of no additional surfactant, leading to an increase in the solar cell bandgap of around 35 meV as compared to traditional samples doped with silicon. In the proof-of-concept experimental devices developed so far, the use of a rear-heterojunction configuration and the bandgap increase results in a global open-circuit voltage enhancement of 109 mV. The photocurrent decreases by 1.32 mA/cm2, mostly due to the bandgap blue-shift, with about 0.35 mA/cm2 attributable to lower carrier collection efficiencies. These preliminary results are discussed by analyzing the I-V curve parameters and quantum efficiencies of a Te-doped rear-heterojunction, a Si-doped rear-heterojunction and a Si-doped front-junction solar cell. An additional advantage is that the emitter sheet resistance is reduced from 551 to 147 ohms/sq, which offers potential for higher efficiencies through lower front grid shadowing factors, as demonstrated with the concentrator measurements presented.