The study of the gluon distribution function and reduced cross section behavior using the proton structure function

TL;DR

This paper investigates the behavior of the gluon distribution function and reduced cross section at low x using proton structure functions, introducing a higher-twist correction to improve data agreement at low Q^2.

Contribution

It introduces a modified nonlinear correction with an additional higher-twist term to better describe reduced cross sections at low Q^2.

Findings

Improved fit to experimental data at low Q^2 with the modified correction.

Predictions indicate the need for further corrections below Q^2 ≈ 3 GeV^2.

Enhanced understanding of proton structure at low x and Q^2.

Abstract

The behavior of the gluon distribution function and the reduced cross section considered from the proton structure function and its derivatives at low values of $x$. These behaviors studied and compared with the experimental data. These results are augmented by including an additional higher-twist term in the description of the nonlinear correction. This additional term, modified nonlinear correction, improves the description of the reduced cross sections significantly at low values of $Q^{2}$. We discuss, furthermore, how this behavior can be determine the reduced cross section with respect to the proton parameterization at high-y values. The resulting predictions for $\sigma_{r}$ suggest that further corrections are required for $Q^{2}$ less than about $3~\mathrm{GeV}^{2}$.