Laser-Driven High-Velocity Microparticle Launcher In Atmosphere And Under Vacuum

TL;DR

This paper introduces an all-optical method to accelerate microparticles to high velocities in atmosphere and vacuum, enabling studies of material impacts relevant to space and industrial applications.

Contribution

A novel laser ablation technique for launching microparticles at high velocities under low vacuum conditions, with detailed velocity measurements and impact studies.

Findings

Particles reach supersonic velocities depending on size and mass

Blast wave suppression observed under vacuum

Method applicable to space and industrial impact studies

Abstract

This paper presents a novel approach to launch single microparticles at high velocities under low vacuum conditions. In an all-optical table-top method, microparticles with sizes ranging from a few microns to tens of microns are accelerated to supersonic velocities depending on the particle mass. The acceleration is performed through a laser ablation process and the particles are monitored in free space using an ultra-high-speed multi-frame camera with nanosecond time resolution. Under low vacuum, we evaluate the current platform performance by measuring particle velocities for a range of particle types and sizes, and demonstrate blast wave suppression and drag reduction under vacuum. Showing an impact on polyethylene, we demonstrate the capability of the experimental setup to study materials behavior under high-velocity impact. The present method is relevant to space applications, particularly to rendezvous missions where velocities range from tens of m/s to a few km/s, as well as to a wide range of terrestrial applications including impact bonding and impact-induced erosion.