Robust diffraction-limited NIR-to-NUV wide-field imaging from stratospheric balloon-borne platforms -- SuperBIT science telescope commissioning flight & performance

TL;DR

SuperBIT is a balloon-borne telescope achieving space-like resolution and stability in the near-IR to near-UV, offering a cost-effective alternative to orbital missions for high-quality astronomical imaging.

Contribution

This paper reports the successful commissioning and performance of SuperBIT, a diffraction-limited, wide-field balloon telescope with advanced stabilization, surpassing many science requirements.

Findings

Achieved 48 milliarcseconds sky-fixed pointing stability

Demonstrated stable imaging over 1-hour observations

Surpassed science performance requirements

Abstract

At a fraction the total cost of an equivalent orbital mission, scientific balloon-borne platforms, operating above 99.7% of the Earth's atmosphere, offer attractive, competitive, and effective observational capabilities -- namely space-like resolution, transmission, and backgrounds -- that are well suited for modern astronomy and cosmology. SuperBIT is a diffraction-limited, wide-field, 0.5 m telescope capable of exploiting these observing conditions in order to provide exquisite imaging throughout the near-IR to near-UV. It utilizes a robust active stabilization system that has consistently demonstrated a 1 sigma sky-fixed pointing stability at 48 milliarcseconds over multiple 1 hour observations at float. This is achieved by actively tracking compound pendulations via a three-axis gimballed platform, which provides sky-fixed telescope stability at < 500 milliarcseconds and corrects for field rotation, while employing high-bandwidth tip/tilt optics to remove residual disturbances across the science imaging focal plane. SuperBIT's performance during the 2019 commissioning flight benefited from a customized high-fidelity science-capable telescope designed with exceptional thermo- and opto-mechanical stability as well as tightly constrained static and dynamic coupling between high-rate sensors and telescope optics. At the currently demonstrated level of flight performance, SuperBIT capabilities now surpass the science requirements for a wide variety of experiments in cosmology, astrophysics and stellar dynamics.