A More Efficient Search for H2O Megamaser Galaxies : The Power of the X-ray and Mid-infrared Photometry

TL;DR

This study enhances the efficiency of detecting H2O megamaser galaxies by leveraging mid-infrared and X-ray photometry, significantly increasing detection rates through specific luminosity and column density criteria.

Contribution

It introduces a new method combining mid-IR and X-ray data to predict and boost megamaser galaxy detection rates with minimal loss of completeness.

Findings

Detection rate increases to 12% for L^{AGN}_{12 micron} > 10^42 erg/s.

Detection rates are boosted to 20% for N_H >= 10^{24} cm^{-2}.

Predicted discovery of over 15 new megamaser disks using the proposed criteria.

Abstract

We present a new investigation of the dependence of H2O maser detection rates and properties on the mid-IR AGN luminosity, L_AGN, and the obscuring column density, N_H, based on mid-IR and hard X-ray photometry. Based on spectral energy distribution fitting that allows for decomposition of the black hole accretion and star-formation components in the mid-infrared, we show that the megamaser (disk maser) detection rate increases sharply for galaxies with 12 micron AGN luminosity L^{AGN}_{12 micron} greater than 10^42 erg/s, from ~<3%(~<2%) to ~12%(~5%). By using the ratio of the observed X-ray to mid-IR AGN luminosity as an indicator of N_H, we also find that the megamaser (disk maser) detection rates are boosted to 15%(7%) and 20%(9%) for galaxies with N_H >= 10^23 cm^{-2} and N_H >= 10^{24} cm^{-2}, respectively. Combining these column density cuts with a constraint for high L^{AGN}_{12 micron} (>=10^42 erg/s) predicts further increases in the megamaser (disk maser) detection rates to 19%(8%) and 27%(14%), revealing unprecedented potential boosts of the megamaser and disk maser detection rates by a factor of 7-15 relative to the current rates, depending on the chosen sample selection criteria. A noteworthy aspect of these new predictions is that the completeness rates are only compromised mildly, with the rates remaining at the level of ~95%(~50%) for sources with N_H >= 10^{23} cm^{-2} (N_H >= 10^24 cm^-2). Applying these selection methods to the current X-ray AGN surveys predicts the detection of >~15 new megamaser disks.