Dirac-vortex topological cavity
Xiaomei Gao, Lechen Yang, Hao Lin, Lang Zhang, Jiafang Li, Fang Bo,, Zhong Wang, Ling Lu

TL;DR
This paper introduces a topological cavity design based on a 2D honeycomb photonic crystal with a vortex Dirac mass, enabling tunable, robust, and versatile laser modes with potential applications in stable single-mode photonic devices.
Contribution
It generalizes 1D topological cavity concepts to 2D honeycomb structures, demonstrating experimentally a novel Dirac-vortex cavity with unique mode properties.
Findings
Tunable mode area over several orders of magnitude
Arbitrary mode degeneracy achieved
Large free-spectral-range and low-divergence vector-beam output
Abstract
Cavity design is crucial for single-mode semiconductor lasers such as the distributed feedback (DFB) and vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL). By recognizing that both optical resonators feature a single mid-gap mode localized at the topological defect in a one-dimensional (1D) lattice, we generalize the topological cavity design into 2D using a honeycomb photonic crystal with a vortex Dirac mass -- the analog of Jackiw-Rossi zero modes. We theoretically predict and experimentally demonstrate that such a Dirac-vortex cavity can have a tunable mode area across a few orders of magnitudes, arbitrary mode degeneracy, robustly large free-spectral-range, vector-beam output of low divergence, and compatibility with high-index substrates. This topological cavity could enable photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSEL) with stabler single-mode operation.
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