The Ambiguity in the Definition and Behavior of the Gravitational and Cosmological `Coupling Constants' in the Theory of Induced Gravity

TL;DR

This paper extends a modified theory of induced gravity, exploring how effective gravitational and cosmological constants fluctuate and relate to dark energy and dark matter, revealing potential deviations from classical gravity at large distances.

Contribution

It introduces a new model (MTIG) with symmetric quadratic potentials, analyzing solutions that connect scalar fields to effective constants and uncovering novel large-distance gravitational effects.

Findings

Effective constants fluctuate near mean values in solutions.

Model matches observational data related to dark energy and dark matter.

New solutions suggest deviations from classical gravity at large scales.

Abstract

This work is the extension of author`s research, where the modified theory of induced gravity (MTIG) is proposed. The theory describes two systems (stages): Einstein (ES) and "restructuring" (RS). We consider equations with quadratic potential that are symmetric with respect to scale transformations. The solutions of the equations obtained for the case of spaces defined by the Friedman-Robertson-Walker metric, as well as for a centrally symmetric space are investigated. In our model arise effective gravitational and cosmological "constants", which are defined by the "mean square" of the scalar fields. In obtained solutions the values of such parameters as "Hubble parameter", gravitational and cosmological "constants" in the RS stage fluctuate near monotonically evolving mean values. These parameters are matched with observational data, described as phenomena of dark energy and dark matter. The MTIG equations for the case of a centrally symmetric gravitational field, in addition to the Schwarzschild-de Sitter solutions, contain solutions that lead to the new physical effects at large distances from the center. The Schwarzschild-Sitter solution becomes unstable and enters the oscillatory regime. For distances greater than a certain critical value, the following effects can appear: deviation from General relativity and Newton's law of gravitational interaction, antigravity.