Local certification of programmable quantum devices of arbitrary high dimensionality

TL;DR

This paper introduces a noise-tolerant, local self-testing certification scheme for high-dimensional quantum devices, enabling verification of their quantum states and measurements without assumptions on their inner workings.

Contribution

It develops a novel local self-testing approach for individual programmable quantum devices, extending certification methods to high-dimensional quantum states and measurements.

Findings

Provides a family of outcome statistics for certification

Certifies high-dimensional quantum states and measurements

Applicable to individual quantum computers as black boxes

Abstract

The onset of the era of fully-programmable error-corrected quantum computers will be marked by major breakthroughs in all areas of science and engineering. These devices promise to have significant technological and societal impact, notable examples being the analysis of big data through better machine learning algorithms and the design of new materials. Nevertheless, the capacity of quantum computers to faithfully implement quantum algorithms relies crucially on their ability to prepare specific high-dimensional and high-purity quantum states, together with suitable quantum measurements. Thus, the unambiguous certification of these requirements without assumptions on the inner workings of the quantum computer is critical to the development of trusted quantum processors. One of the most important approaches for benchmarking quantum devices is through the mechanism of self-testing that requires a pair of entangled non-communicating quantum devices. Nevertheless, although computation typically happens in a localized fashion, no local self-testing scheme is known to benchmark high dimensional states and measurements. Here, we show that the quantum self-testing paradigm can be employed to an individual quantum computer that is modelled as a programmable black box by introducing a noise-tolerant certification scheme. We substantiate the applicability of our scheme by providing a family of outcome statistics whose observation certifies that the computer is producing specific high-dimensional quantum states and implementing specific measurements.