Shock related unsteadiness of axisymmetric spiked bodies in the supersonic flow

TL;DR

This study investigates shock-induced unsteadiness over axisymmetric spiked bodies at Mach 2.0, analyzing how different forebody shapes influence flow oscillations and identifying mechanisms driving unsteadiness.

Contribution

It provides detailed experimental insights into how forebody shape affects shock unsteadiness and elucidates the flow physics behind shock oscillations in supersonic flows.

Findings

Hemispherical forebody exhibits localized shock oscillations due to separated shear layer.

Elliptical shape reduces shock unsteadiness by smaller recirculation region cone angle.

Aerodisk mounted on hemispherical body suppresses shock oscillations by eliminating out-of-phase shock motion.

Abstract

Shock related unsteadiness over axisymmetric spiked body configurations is experimentally investigated at a freestream supersonic Mach number of 2.0 at 0$^\circ$ angle of attack. Three different forebody configurations mounted with a sharp spike-tip ranging from blunt to streamlined (flat-face, hemispherical, and elliptical) are considered. Steady and unsteady pressure measurements, short-exposure high-speed shadowgraphy, shock footprint analysis from $x-t$ plots, and identification of dominant spatiotemporal modes through modal analysis are carried out to explain the unsteady flow physics. The present investigation tools are validated against the well-known events of `pulsation' associated with the flat-face case. The hemispherical case is characterized by the formation of a separated free shear layer and associated localized shock oscillations. The cycle of charging and ejection of fluid mass from the recirculation zone, confined between the separated shear layer and the spiked body, is identified to drive the flow unsteadiness. Such an event triggers the out-of-phase motion between the separated and reattachment shocks. In the elliptical case, the overall flow field resembles that of the hemispherical case, except with dampened unsteadiness. The value of the cone angle ($\lambda$) associated with the recirculation region is found to be responsible for the fluctuations from the charging and ejection of fluid mass. Thereby it controls the extent of out-of-shock phase motion. In the elliptical case, $\lambda$ is observed to be smaller and exhibits a reduction in shock unsteadiness. \hlt{Based on the gathered results and understanding, the reduction in unsteadiness associated with the aerodisk mounted on the hemispherical forebody is explained via the almost complete elimination of the out-of-phase shock motion.