Nonequilibrium polarity-induced mechanism for chemotaxis: emergent Galilean symmetry and exact scaling exponents

TL;DR

This paper introduces a polarity-based chemotaxis mechanism that exhibits emergent Galilean symmetry and exact scaling exponents, revealing superdiffusive fluctuations and providing insights into large-scale biological organization.

Contribution

It proposes a novel polarity-driven chemotaxis interaction, analyzes its critical dynamics, and uncovers emergent symmetry and exact scaling laws in the system.

Findings

Emergent Galilean symmetry at the critical point.

Exact dynamical scaling exponents derived.

Superdiffusive density fluctuations observed.

Abstract

A generically observed mechanism that drives the self-organization of living systems is interaction via chemical signals among the individual elements -- which may represent cells, bacteria, or even enzymes. Here we propose a novel mechanism for such interactions, in the context of chemotaxis, which originates from the polarity of the particles and which generalizes the well-known Keller--Segel interaction term. We study the resulting large-scale dynamical properties of a system of such chemotactic particles using the exact stochastic formulation of Dean and Kawasaki along with dynamical renormalization group analysis of the critical state of the system. At this critical point, an emergent "Galilean" symmetry is identified, which allows us to obtain the dynamical scaling exponents exactly; these exponents reveal superdiffusive density fluctuations and non-Poissonian number fluctuations. We expect our results to shed light on how molecular regulation of chemotactic circuits can determine large-scale behavior of cell colonies and tissues.