Cosmology of the non-local Proca theory

TL;DR

This paper explores the cosmological implications of a non-local Proca theory derived from Maxwell theory, analyzing its perturbations and anisotropic behavior, and demonstrating its consistency with late-time observational data.

Contribution

It introduces a non-local U(1)-symmetric extension of Maxwell theory, showing its differences from Einstein-Proca systems and analyzing cosmological perturbations and anisotropy.

Findings

The theory differs from Einstein-Proca in curved spacetime.

Cosmological perturbations are analyzed in de Sitter background.

Late-time universe behavior aligns with observational data, predicting isotropy.

Abstract

In this paper, we will consider cosmological implications of the Maxwell theory coupled to a non-local $U(1)$-symmetric term. It is well-known that the theory in flat space time, reduces to the Proca theory. However, it will be shown that in curved space time the resulting theory will differ from the coupled Einstein-Proca system. The cosmological perturbations on top of the de Sitter space-time is also considered and the dynamics of separate modes will be investigated in detail. Anisotropic cosmology of the model is also investigated and we will show that the behavior of the universe at late time satisfies the observational data and the model predicts an isotropic universe.