Quantum Decoherence

TL;DR

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of quantum decoherence, covering its theoretical foundations, experimental observations, models, mitigation strategies, and implications for quantum mechanics and quantum information processing.

Contribution

It offers a detailed synthesis of decoherence theory, models, experimental results, and mitigation methods, highlighting recent advances and open questions in the field.

Findings

Decoherence is a key obstacle in quantum information devices.

Various models describe the decoherence process and its dynamics.

Experimental studies have characterized decoherence mechanisms and tested mitigation techniques.

Abstract

Quantum decoherence plays a pivotal role in the dynamical description of the quantum-to-classical transition and is the main impediment to the realization of devices for quantum information processing. This paper gives an overview of the theory and experimental observation of the decoherence mechanism. We introduce the essential concepts and the mathematical formalism of decoherence, focusing on the picture of the decoherence process as a continuous monitoring of a quantum system by its environment. We review several classes of decoherence models and discuss the description of the decoherence dynamics in terms of master equations. We survey methods for avoiding and mitigating decoherence and give an overview of several experiments that have studied decoherence processes. We also comment on the role decoherence may play in interpretations of quantum mechanics and in addressing foundational questions.