Separability and parity transitions in $XYZ$ spin systems under nonuniform fields

TL;DR

This paper investigates conditions for ground state separability in finite anisotropic XYZ spin systems under nonuniform magnetic fields, revealing how nonuniform fields induce factorization and parity transitions affecting entanglement and magnetization.

Contribution

It derives general analytic conditions and expressions for ground state factorization in nonuniform fields, extending previous uniform field results and analyzing parity and entanglement effects.

Findings

Nonuniform fields can induce ground state factorization in systems without uniform-field factorization.

Ground state parity transitions are linked to the factorization curve in field space.

Analytic expressions for factorization and parity transitions are provided for various spin systems.

Abstract

We examine the existence of completely separable ground states (GS) in finite spin-$s$ arrays with anisotropic $XYZ$ couplings, immersed in a non-uniform magnetic field along one of the principal axes. The general conditions for their existence are determined. The analytic expressions for the separability curve in field space, and for the ensuing factorized state and GS energy, are then derived for alternating solutions, valid for any spin and size. They generalize results for uniform fields and show that nonuniform fields can induce GS factorization also in systems which do not exhibit this phenomenon in a uniform field. It is also shown that such curve corresponds to a fundamental $S_z$-parity transition of the GS, present for any spin and size, and that two different types of GS parity diagrams can emerge, according to the anisotropy. The role of factorization in the magnetization and entanglement of these systems is also analyzed, and analytic expressions at the borders of the factorizing curve are provided. Illustrative examples for spin pairs and chains are as well discussed.