Blow-up and global existence for solutions to the porous medium equation with reaction and slowly decaying density

TL;DR

This paper investigates conditions for finite-time blow-up or global existence of solutions to a porous medium equation with variable density and reaction term, revealing how decay rate of density influences solution behavior.

Contribution

It provides new criteria for blow-up and global existence based on initial data size, reaction exponent, and density decay rate, extending previous results to variable density scenarios.

Findings

Large initial data lead to blow-up for any p>1.

Small initial data can ensure global solutions if p>p̄.

Density decay rate q influences blow-up and existence thresholds.

Abstract

We study existence of global solutions and finite time blow-up of solutions to the Cauchy problem for the porous medium equation with a variable density $\rho(x)$ and a power-like reaction term $\rho(x) u^p$ with $p>1$; this is a mathematical model of a thermal evolution of a heated plasma (see [25]). The density decays slowly at infinity, in the sense that $\rho(x)\lesssim |x|^{-q}$ as $|x|\to +\infty$ with $q\in [0, 2).$ We show that for large enough initial data, solutions blow-up in finite time for any $p>1$. On the other hand, if the initial datum is small enough and $p>\bar p$, for a suitable $\bar p$ depending on $\rho, m, N$, then global solutions exist. In addition, if $p<\underline p$, for a suitable $\underline p\leq \bar p$ depending on $\rho, m, N$, then the solution blows-up in finite time for any nontrivial initial datum; we need the extra hypotehsis that $q\in [0, \epsilon)$ for $\epsilon>0$ small enough, when $m\leq p<\underline p$. Observe that $\underline p=\bar p$, if $\rho(x)$ is a multiple of $|x|^{-q}$ for $|x|$ large enough. Such results are in agreement with those established in [41], where $\rho(x)\equiv 1$. The case of fast decaying density at infinity, i.e. $q\geq 2$, is examined in [31].