Spectroscopic tests for short-range modifications of Newtonian and post-Newtonian potentials

TL;DR

This paper uses high-precision hydrogen spectroscopy to set new experimental limits on short-range modifications of gravity, improving constraints on deviations from Newtonian and post-Newtonian potentials at atomic scales.

Contribution

It introduces novel bounds on gravitational deviations at atomic distances using hydrogen spectral data and analyzes gravitational spin-orbit effects as a new test for post-Newtonian potentials.

Findings

New bounds from 1S-3S hydrogen transition data.

Stronger constraints from 2P_{1/2}-2P_{3/2} transition analysis.

Comparison showing improved limits over previous experiments.

Abstract

There are theoretical frameworks, such as the large extra dimension models, which predict the strengthening of the gravitational field in short distances. Here we obtain new empiric constraints for deviations of standard gravity in the atomic length scale from analyses of recent and accurate data of hydrogen spectroscopy. The new bounds, extracted from 1S-3S transition, are compared with previous limits given by antiprotonic Helium spectroscopy. Independent constraints are also determined by investigating the effects of gravitational spin-orbit coupling on the atomic spectrum. We show that the analysis of the influence of that interaction, which is responsible for the spin precession phenomena, on the fine structure of the states can be employed as a test of a post-Newtonian potential in the atomic domain. The constraints obtained here from 2P_{1/2}-2P_{3/2} transition in hydrogen are tighter than previous bounds determined from measurements of the spin precession in an electron-nucleus scattering.