Tropical Optimal Transport and Wasserstein Distances

TL;DR

This paper introduces the first study of Wasserstein distances and optimal transport in tropical geometry, providing algorithms, theoretical insights, and applications in a novel geometric setting.

Contribution

It defines tropical Wasserstein-$p$ distances, develops algorithms for $p=1,2$, and establishes foundational theoretical and computational tools in tropical geometry.

Findings

Efficient computation of tropical Wasserstein-1 distance and geodesics.

Explicit formulas for tropical Wasserstein-2 and Fréchet means.

Convergence proofs for the proposed algorithms.

Abstract

We study the problem of optimal transport in tropical geometry and define the Wasserstein-$p$ distances in the continuous metric measure space setting of the tropical projective torus. We specify the tropical metric -- a combinatorial metric that has been used to study of the tropical geometric space of phylogenetic trees -- as the ground metric and study the cases of $p=1,2$ in detail. The case of $p=1$ gives an efficient computation of the infinitely-many geodesics on the tropical projective torus, while the case of $p=2$ gives a form for Fr\'{e}chet means and a general inner product structure. Our results also provide theoretical foundations for geometric insight a statistical framework in a tropical geometric setting. We construct explicit algorithms for the computation of the tropical Wasserstein-1 and 2 distances and prove their convergence. Our results provide the first study of the Wasserstein distances and optimal transport in tropical geometry. Several numerical examples are provided.