Unveiling domain wall dynamics of ferrimagnets in thermal magnon currents: competition of angular momentum transfer and entropic torque

TL;DR

This study explores the complex behavior of domain wall motion in ferrimagnets driven by thermal magnon currents, revealing temperature-dependent dynamics influenced by angular momentum transfer and entropic effects, with implications for magnetic information technologies.

Contribution

The paper provides a detailed numerical and analytical analysis of ferrimagnetic domain wall dynamics under thermal gradients, highlighting novel behaviors above Walker breakdown and the role of compensation temperatures.

Findings

Domain walls move towards hot or cold ends depending on temperature regimes.

Above Walker breakdown, domain walls can move towards the cold end, contrary to lower regimes.

A torque compensation temperature leads to antiferromagnet-like, inertia-free domain wall motion.

Abstract

Control of magnetic domain wall motion holds promise for efficient manipulation and transfer of magnetically stored information. Thermal magnon currents, generated by temperature gradients, can be used to move magnetic textures, from domain walls, to magnetic vortices and skyrmions. In the last years, theoretical studies have centered in ferro- and antiferromagnetic spin structures, where domain walls always move towards the hotter end of the thermal gradient. Here we perform numerical studies using atomistic spin dynamics simulations and complementary analytical calculations to derive an equation of motion for the domain wall velocity. We demonstrate that in ferrimagnets, domain wall motion under thermal magnon currents shows a much richer dynamics. Below the Walker breakdown, we find that the temperature gradient always pulls the domain wall towards the hot end by minimizating its free energy, in agreement with the observations for ferro- and antiferromagnets in the same regime. Above Walker breakdown, the ferrimagnetic domain wall can show the opposite, counterintuitive behavior of moving towards the cold end. We show that in this case, the motion to the hotter or the colder ends is driven by angular momentum transfer and therefore strongly related to the angular momentum compensation temperature, a unique property of ferrimagnets where the intrinsic angular momentum of the ferrimagnet is zero while the sublattice angular momentum remains finite. In particular, we find that below the compensation temperature the wall moves towards the cold end, whereas above it, towards the hot end. Moreover, we find that for ferrimagnets, there is a torque compensation temperature at which the domain wall dynamics shows similar characteristics to antiferromagnets, that is, quasi-inertia-free motion and the absence of Walker breakdown.