Effective field theories as a novel probe of fine-tuning of cosmic inflation

TL;DR

This paper explores how the effective field theory of inflation can serve as a modern, comprehensive tool to investigate whether cosmic inflation is a finely tuned process or a generic feature of the universe, focusing on initial conditions.

Contribution

It demonstrates that EFT of inflation can address the initial conditions problem, offering a new approach to understanding the fine-tuning of cosmic inflation.

Findings

EFT of inflation can potentially resolve the initial conditions problem.

Other problems like permissiveness and multiverse remain largely intractable.

Recent dynamical systems analysis advances understanding of inflation's initial conditions.

Abstract

The leading account of several salient observable features of our universe today is provided by the theory of cosmic inflation. But an important and thus far intractable question is whether inflation is generic, or whether it is finely tuned---requiring very precisely specified initial conditions. In this paper I argue that a recent, model-independent characterization of inflation, known as the 'effective field theory (EFT) of inflation', promises to address this question in a thoroughly modern and significantly more comprehensive way than in the existing literature. To motivate and provide context for this claim, I distill three core problems with the theory of inflation, which I dub the permissiveness problem, the initial conditions problem, and the multiverse problem. I argue that the initial conditions problem lies within the scope of EFTs of inflation as they are currently conceived, whereas the other two problems remain largely intractable: their solution must await a more complete description of the very early universe. I highlight recent work that addresses the initial conditions problem within the context of a dynamical systems analysis of a specific (state-of-the-art) EFT of inflation, and conclude with a roadmap for how such work might be extended to realize the promise claimed above.