iGLU 1.0: An Accurate Non-Invasive Near-Infrared Dual Short Wavelengths Spectroscopy based Glucometer for Smart Healthcare

TL;DR

This paper introduces iGLU, a non-invasive, spectroscopic glucometer using near-infrared wavelengths and machine learning, enabling accurate, remote blood glucose monitoring for diabetes management without blood samples.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel IoMT-enabled device utilizing dual-wavelength NIR spectroscopy and advanced ML models for precise, non-invasive blood glucose measurement, validated against invasive methods.

Findings

Mean absolute relative difference (MARD) of 4.66%

Regression coefficient of 0.81

Accurate, cost-effective non-invasive glucose monitoring

Abstract

In the case of diabetes, fingertip pricking for a blood sample is inconvenient for glucose measurement. Invasive approaches like laboratory test and one-touch glucometer enhance the risk of blood-related infections. To mitigate this important issue, in the current paper, we propose a novel Internet-of-Medical-Things (IoMT) enabled edge-device for precise, non-invasive blood glucose measurement. In this work, a near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic technique using two wavelengths (940 nm, 1300 nm) is taken to detect the glucose molecule from human blood. The novel device called iGLU is based on NIR spectroscopy and machine learning (ML) models of high accuracy. An optimal multiple polynomial regression model and deep neural network (DNN) model have been presented for precise measurement. The proposed device is validated and blood glucose values are stored on the cloud using open IoT platform for remote monitoring by an endocrinologist. For device validation, the estimated blood glucose values have been compared with blood glucose values obtained from the invasive device. It has been observed that mean absolute relative difference (MARD) and average error (AvgE) are found 4.66 % and 4.61 % respectively from predicted blood glucose concentration values. The regression coefficient is found 0.81. The proposed spectroscopic non-invasive device provides accurate and cost-effective solution for smart healthcare.