A Robust Blind 3-D Mesh Watermarking based on Wavelet Transform for Copyright Protection

TL;DR

This paper introduces a blind, robust watermarking method for 3-D meshes using wavelet transforms, effectively protecting copyright while resisting various common attacks and maintaining high imperceptibility.

Contribution

It presents a novel watermarking scheme that embeds watermarks by modifying wavelet coefficient norms, enhancing robustness against transformations and attacks on 3-D meshes.

Findings

Resists similarity transformations, noise, smoothing, and quantization attacks.

Maintains high imperceptibility of watermarks.

Outperforms alternative 3-D mesh watermarking methods.

Abstract

Nowadays, three-dimensional meshes have been extensively used in several applications such as, industrial, medical, computer-aided design (CAD) and entertainment due to the processing capability improvement of computers and the development of the network infrastructure. Unfortunately, like digital images and videos, 3-D meshes can be easily modified, duplicated and redistributed by unauthorized users. Digital watermarking came up while trying to solve this problem. In this paper, we propose a blind robust watermarking scheme for three-dimensional semiregular meshes for Copyright protection. The watermark is embedded by modifying the norm of the wavelet coefficient vectors associated with the lowest resolution level using the edge normal norms as synchronizing primitives. The experimental results show that in comparison with alternative 3-D mesh watermarking approaches, the proposed method can resist to a wide range of common attacks, such as similarity transformations including translation, rotation, uniform scaling and their combination, noise addition, Laplacian smoothing, quantization, while preserving high imperceptibility.