Ground states of dipolar spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates in a toroidal trap

TL;DR

This paper explores how dipole-dipole interactions and spin-orbit coupling influence the ground-state phases of dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates in a toroidal trap, revealing complex topological structures and phase transitions.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive phase diagram and demonstrates control over ground states using DDI and SOC in a toroidal BEC system.

Findings

Identification of various topological structures like skyrmions and merons.

Discovery of phase transitions controlled by DDI and SOC strengths.

Observation of complex vortex arrangements and spin textures.

Abstract

We investigate the ground-state structures of dipolar spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates in a toroidal trap. Combined effects of dipole-dipole interaction (DDI) and spin-orbit coupling (SOC) on the ground states of the system are discussed. A ground-state phase diagram is obtained as a function of the SOC and DDI strengths. As two new degrees of freedom, the DDI and SOC can be used to obtain the desired ground-state phases and to control the phase transition between various ground states. In particular, the system displays exotic topological structures and spin textures, such as half-quantum vortex, vortex string, vortex necklace, complex vortex lattice including giant vortex and hidden antivortex chains, different skyrmions, meron (half-skyrmion)-antimeron (half-antiskyrmion) necklace, and composite meron-antimeron lattice.