Dipolar condensed atomic mixtures and miscibility under rotation

TL;DR

This study investigates how dipole-dipole interactions influence spatial separation, miscibility, and vortex patterns in rotating binary dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates, considering effects of trap modifications and dipole orientation.

Contribution

It introduces the impact of a quartic trap term on the rotational behavior and spatial separation in dipolar BEC mixtures, extending previous dipolar interaction studies.

Findings

Attractive DDIs cause angular or radial spatial separation.

Mass imbalance affects vortex pattern formation.

Quartic trap modifies rotational properties and separation.

Abstract

By considering symmetric and asymmetric dipolar coupled mixtures (with dysprosium and erbium isotopes), we report a study on relevant anisotropic effects, related to spatial separation and miscibility, due to dipole-dipole interactions (DDIs) in rotating binary dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates. The binary mixtures are kept in strong pancake-like traps, with repulsive two-body interactions modeled by an effective two-dimensional (2D) coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The DDI are tuned from repulsive to attractive by varying the dipole polarization angle. A clear spatial separation is verified in the densities for attractive DDIs, being angular for symmetric mixtures and radial for asymmetric ones. Also relevant is the mass-imbalance sensibility observed by the vortex-patterns in symmetric and asymmetric-dipolar mixtures. In an extension of this study, here we show how the rotational properties and spatial separation of these dipolar mixture are affected by a quartic term added to the harmonic trap of one of the components.