Modulational instability, inter-component asymmetry and formation of quantum droplets in one-dimensional binary Bose gases

TL;DR

This paper investigates the formation and stability of quantum droplets in one-dimensional binary Bose gases, highlighting the role of modulational instability and component asymmetry in droplet emergence.

Contribution

It establishes the connection between modulational instability and droplet formation in symmetric and asymmetric binary Bose gases, including stability analysis.

Findings

Quantum droplets form due to the interplay of mean-field and beyond-mean-field effects.

Symmetric droplets are stable and resistant to symmetry-breaking perturbations.

Asymmetry in components affects droplet stability and formation conditions.

Abstract

Quantum droplets are ultradilute liquid states which emerge from the competitive interplay of two Hamiltonian terms, the mean-field energy and beyond-mean-field correction, in a weakly interacting binary Bose gas. We relate the formation of droplets in symmetric and asymmetric two-component one-dimensional boson systems to the modulational instability of a spatially uniform state driven by the beyond-mean-field term. Asymmetry between the components may be caused by their unequal populations or unequal intra-component interaction strengths. Stability of both symmetric and asymmetric droplets is investigated. Robustness of the symmetric solutions against symmetry-breaking perturbations is confirmed.