Few-body bound states of two-dimensional bosons

TL;DR

This study investigates universal properties of few-body bound states in two-dimensional bosonic mixtures, revealing how their energies depend on scattering lengths and identifying thresholds for cluster stability, with implications for many-body phases.

Contribution

The paper introduces a detailed analysis of few-body clusters in 2D bosonic mixtures using two models, highlighting universal energy relations and stability thresholds.

Findings

All clusters are bound with energies as universal functions of scattering lengths.

Dimer-dimer interactions switch from attractive to repulsive at specific ratios, causing cluster breakup.

Effective three-dimer repulsion influences many-body phenomena like liquid and supersolid states.

Abstract

We study clusters of the type A$_N$B$_M$ with $N\leq M\leq 3$ in a two-dimensional mixture of A and B bosons, with attractive AB and equally repulsive AA and BB interactions. In order to check universal aspects of the problem, we choose two very different models: dipolar bosons in a bilayer geometry and particles interacting via separable Gaussian potentials. We find that all the considered clusters are bound and that their energies are universal functions of the scattering lengths $a_{AB}$ and $a_{AA}=a_{BB}$, for sufficiently large attraction-to-repulsion ratios $a_{AB}/a_{BB}$. When $a_{AB}/a_{BB}$ decreases below $\approx 10$, the dimer-dimer interaction changes from attractive to repulsive and the population-balanced AABB and AAABBB clusters break into AB dimers. Calculating the AAABBB hexamer energy just below this threshold, we find an effective three-dimer repulsion which may have important implications for the many-body problem, particularly for observing liquid and supersolid states of dipolar dimers in the bilayer geometry. The population-imbalanced ABB trimer, ABBB tetramer, and AABBB pentamer remain bound beyond the dimer-dimer threshold. In the dipolar model, they break up at $a_{AB}\approx 2 a_{BB}$ where the atom-dimer interaction switches to repulsion.