Core-Envelope Coupling in Intermediate-Mass Core-Helium Burning Stars

TL;DR

This study uses asteroseismology to show that intermediate-mass stars in the core-helium burning phase exhibit rapid angular momentum transport, leading to slow core rotation rates that decline with surface gravity, challenging previous models.

Contribution

It provides the first comprehensive observational evidence that angular momentum transport is highly efficient during the core He-burning phase in intermediate-mass stars.

Findings

Core rotation rates decline with decreasing surface gravity.

Significant range in core rotation rates at all surface gravities.

Surface rotation periods are biased; models are needed for accurate interpretation.

Abstract

Stars between two and three solar masses rotate rapidly on the main sequence, and the detection of slow core and surface rotation in the core-helium burning phase for these stars places strong constraints on their angular momentum transport and loss. From a detailed asteroseismic study of the mixed-dipole mode pattern in a carefully selected, representative sample of stars, we find that slow core rotation rates in the range reported by prior studies are a general phenomenon and not a selection effect. We show that the core rotation rates of these stars decline strongly with decreasing surface gravity during the core He-burning phase. We argue that this is a model-independent indication of significant rapid angular momentum transport between the cores and envelopes of these stars. We see a significant range in core rotation rates at all surface gravities, with little evidence for a convergence towards a uniform value. We demonstrate using evolutionary models that measured surface rotation periods are a biased tracer of the true surface rotation distribution, and argue for using stellar models for interpreting the contrast between core and surface rotation rates. The core rotation rates we measure do not have a strong mass or metallicity dependence. We argue that the emerging data strongly favors a model where angular momentum transport is much more efficient during the core He burning phase than in the shell burning phases which precede and follow it.