The frontier of simulation-based inference

TL;DR

This paper reviews the rapidly advancing field of simulation-based inference, highlighting its potential to transform scientific research by addressing complex inverse problems through high-fidelity simulations.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments and emerging trends in simulation-based inference, emphasizing its expanding frontier and broad scientific impact.

Findings

Identification of key forces driving the field forward

Overview of new methodological approaches

Discussion of potential scientific applications

Abstract

Many domains of science have developed complex simulations to describe phenomena of interest. While these simulations provide high-fidelity models, they are poorly suited for inference and lead to challenging inverse problems. We review the rapidly developing field of simulation-based inference and identify the forces giving new momentum to the field. Finally, we describe how the frontier is expanding so that a broad audience can appreciate the profound change these developments may have on science.