Time-evolution of magnetic field in hot nuclear matter with fluctuating topological charge

TL;DR

This paper investigates how magnetic fields evolve over time in hot nuclear matter, highlighting the effects of sphaleron transitions and electrical conductivity on magnetic instability and energy growth.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of magnetic field evolution considering fluctuating topological charge and sphaleron transitions, providing new conditions for magnetic instability in quark-gluon plasma.

Findings

Soft chiral modes grow exponentially during early times.

Average magnetic field is exponentially damped at later times.

Magnetic energy instability depends on electrical conductivity.

Abstract

The time-evolution of the magnetic field in hot homogeneous nuclear matter has two qualitatively different stages separated by the sphaleron transition time $\tau_c$. At early times the axial chemical potential and the corresponding chiral conductivity $\sigma_\chi$ are slow functions of time. The soft chiral modes $k<\sigma_\chi$ of the magnetic field grow exponentially with time, which is known as the chiral instability. At later times $\sigma_\chi$ fluctuates due to the sphaleron transitions and can be regarded as a random process. It is argued that the average magnetic field is exponentially damped at later times. The time-evolution of the average magnetic energy is more complicated and depends on the electrical conductivity of the chiral matter but does not depend on chirality. It exhibits instability only if the matter is a poor electrical conductor, such as the quark-gluon plasma near the critical temperature. The precise conditions for the instability and the growth rate of the unstable modes are derived.