Fast Dimensional Analysis for Root Cause Investigation in a Large-Scale Service Environment

TL;DR

This paper introduces a fast, scalable dimensional analysis framework using frequent item-set mining techniques to automate root cause analysis in large-scale, complex production environments, improving speed and interpretability.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel scalable framework combining Apriori and FP-Growth algorithms with pre- and post-processing for effective root cause analysis in large-scale logs.

Findings

Successfully applied in large-scale production environments

Improved speed and interpretability of root cause analysis

Demonstrated effectiveness through multiple real-world use cases

Abstract

Root cause analysis in a large-scale production environment is challenging due to the complexity of services running across global data centers. Due to the distributed nature of a large-scale system, the various hardware, software, and tooling logs are often maintained separately, making it difficult to review the logs jointly for understanding production issues. Another challenge in reviewing the logs for identifying issues is the scale - there could easily be millions of entities, each described by hundreds of features. In this paper we present a fast dimensional analysis framework that automates the root cause analysis on structured logs with improved scalability. We first explore item-sets, i.e. combinations of feature values, that could identify groups of samples with sufficient support for the target failures using the Apriori algorithm and a subsequent improvement, FP-Growth. These algorithms were designed for frequent item-set mining and association rule learning over transactional databases. After applying them on structured logs, we select the item-sets that are most unique to the target failures based on lift. We propose pre-processing steps with the use of a large-scale real-time database and post-processing techniques and parallelism to further speed up the analysis and improve interpretability, and demonstrate that such optimization is necessary for handling large-scale production datasets. We have successfully rolled out this approach for root cause investigation purposes in a large-scale infrastructure. We also present the setup and results from multiple production use cases in this paper.