A low-cost real-time 3D imaging system for contactless asthma observation

TL;DR

This paper introduces a low-cost, real-time 3D imaging system using stereo cameras for contactless respiratory monitoring in asthma patients, demonstrating comparable sensitivity to expensive systems.

Contribution

It presents a novel, affordable 3D imaging approach for non-contact respiratory monitoring, suitable for home-based asthma observation.

Findings

System achieves similar sensitivity to expensive 3D systems.

Effective in various breathing conditions including coughing.

Provides a feasible low-cost alternative for asthma monitoring.

Abstract

Asthma is becoming a very serious problem with every passing day, especially in children. However, it is very difficult to detect this disorder in them, since the breathing motion of children tends to change when they reach an age of 6. This, thus makes it very difficult to monitor their respiratory state easily. In this paper, we present a cheap non-contact alternative to the current methods that are available. This is using a stereo camera, that captures a video of the patient breathing at a frame rate of 30Hz. For further processing, the captured video has to be rectified and converted into a point cloud. The obtained point clouds need to be aligned in order to have the output with respect to a common plane. They are then converted into a surface mesh. The depth is further estimated by subtracting every point cloud from the reference point cloud (the first frame). The output data, however, when plotted with respect to real time produces a very noisy plot. This is filtered by determining the signal frequency by taking the Fast Fourier Transform of the breathing signal. The system was tested under 4 different breathing conditions: deep, shallow and normal breathing and while coughing. On its success, it was tested with mixed breathing (combination of normal and shallow breathing) and was lastly compared with the output of the expensive 3dMD system. The comparison showed that using the stereo camera, we can reach to similar sensitivity for respiratory motion observation. The experimental results show that, the proposed method provides a major step towards development of low-cost home-based observation systems for asthma patients and care-givers.