A Comparison of Quantum Walk Implementations on NISQ Computers

TL;DR

This paper compares two quantum walk implementations on NISQ computers, analyzing their resource requirements and noise effects, and demonstrates their performance through experiments on IBM quantum hardware.

Contribution

It introduces a rotational implementation of quantum walks that reduces qubit usage and compares it with the inverter approach in terms of resources and noise resilience.

Findings

Rotational approach requires fewer qubits but more gates.

Inverter approach uses exponentially fewer gates.

Noise significantly affects larger quantum walk experiments.

Abstract

This paper explores two circuit approaches for quantum walks: the first consists of generalised controlled inversions, whereas the second one effectively replaces them with rotation operations around the basis states. We show the theoretical foundation of the rotational implementation. The rotational approach nullifies the large amount of ancilla qubits required to carry out the computation when using the inverter implementation. Our results concentrate around the comparison of the two architectures in terms of structure, benefits and detriments, as well as the computational resources needed for each approach. We show that the inverters approach requires exponentially fewer gates than the rotations but almost half the number of qubits in the system. Finally, we execute a number of experiments using an IBM quantum computer. The experiments show the effects of noise in our circuits. Small two-qubit quantum walks evolve closer to our expectations, whereas for a larger number of steps or state space the evolution is severely affected by noise.