Excitons in two-dimensional materials

TL;DR

This review summarizes the physics, control methods, and device applications of excitons in two-dimensional materials like TMDs and phosphorene, highlighting their potential for advanced optoelectronic technologies.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of exciton phenomena, control techniques, and recent device advancements in 2D semiconductors and heterostructures, emphasizing their unique properties and applications.

Findings

Diverse excitonic states including bright, dark, trions, biexcitons, and interlayer excitons.

Multiple external stimuli effectively tune excitonic effects.

Recent progress in optoelectronic devices utilizing 2D excitons.

Abstract

Because of the reduced dielectric screening and enhanced Coulomb interactions, two-dimensional (2D) materials like phosphorene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit strong excitonic effects, resulting in fascinating many-particle phenomena covering both intralayer and interlayer excitons. Their intrinsic bandgaps and strong excitonic emissions allow the possibility to tune the inherent optical, electrical, and optoelectronic properties of 2D materials via a variety of external stimuli, making them potential candidates for novel optoelectronic applications. In this review, we summarize exciton physics and devices in 2D semiconductors and insulators, especially in phosphorene, TMDs, and their van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs). In the first part, we discuss the remarkably versatile excitonic landscape, including bright and dark excitons, trions, biexcitons, and interlayer excitons. In the second part, we examine common control methods to tune excitonic effects via electrical, magnetic, optical, and mechanical means. In the next stage, we provide recent advances on the optoelectronic device applications, such as electroluminescent devices, photovoltaic solar cells, and photodetectors. We conclude with a brief discussion on their potential to exploit vdWHs towards unique exciton physics and devices.