Fast and Accurate Computation of Vertical Modes

TL;DR

This paper introduces a spectral method using stretched coordinates and Chebyshev polynomials for fast, accurate computation of vertical modes in oceanography, outperforming traditional finite difference approaches in accuracy and efficiency.

Contribution

The authors develop a spectral algorithm that significantly improves accuracy and reduces computational cost for calculating vertical modes, enabling full spectrum computations for internal waves.

Findings

Spectral method achieves higher accuracy than finite difference methods.

The approach reduces computational complexity from O(n^3) to a more efficient process.

Validated algorithms match analytical solutions in various stratification scenarios.

Abstract

The vertical modes of linearized equations of motion are widely used by the oceanographic community in numerous theoretical and observational contexts. However, the standard approach for solving the generalized eigenvalue problem using second-order finite difference matrices produces $O(1)$ errors for all but the few lowest modes, and increasing resolution quickly becomes too slow as the computational complexity of eigenvalue algorithms increase as $O(n^3)$. Existing methods are therefore inadequate for computing a full spectrum of internal waves, such as needed for initializing a numerical model with a full internal wave spectrum. Here we show that rewriting the eigenvalue problem in stretched coordinates and projecting onto Chebyshev polynomials results in substantially more accurate modes than finite-differencing at a fraction of the computational cost. We also compute the surface quasigeostrophic modes using the same methods. All spectral and finite difference algorithms are made available in a suite of Matlab classes that have been validated against known analytical solutions in constant and exponential stratification.