From diffuse extragalactic and galactic gamma rays to limits on extra dimensions

TL;DR

This paper sets new lower bounds on the fundamental Planck scale in extra-dimensional theories by analyzing gamma-ray backgrounds from supernovae, providing constraints that complement collider and astrophysical data.

Contribution

It derives robust limits on the extra-dimensional Planck mass using gamma-ray observations, focusing on the ADD model with 3 and 4 extra dimensions.

Findings

Lower limit of 8.0 TeV for n=3 from extragalactic gamma rays

Lower limit of 16 TeV for n=3 from galactic gamma rays

Limits are robust and insensitive to uncertainties

Abstract

We derive the maximum fraction of energy emitted in the form of massive (Kaluza- Klein) gravitons by core collapse supernovae, and the corresponding minimal extra-dimensional Planck mass M* in the ADD gravity framework at TeV scales. Our constraints arise: a) from the extragalactic gamma ray background observed by Fermi-LAT after astrophysical sources have been removed, and b) via the residual galactic emission left after astrophysical and potentially dark matter emission have been removed. We focus on a number of extra dimensions 3 and 4, since M* is then in the TeV range, where astrophysical and collider constraints compete. Lower limits on M* are derived in case a) of 8.0 TeV and 1.1 TeV, and in case b) of 16 TeV and 1.9 TeV, for a number of extra dimensions n=3 and n=4 respectively. These limits are especially robust and insensitive to the various uncertainties involved.