Observer-dependent black hole interior from operator collision

TL;DR

This paper constructs observer-dependent interior operators for black holes, showing that the interior is influenced by the infalling observer's measurements, with implications for the firewall and information paradoxes.

Contribution

It provides a state-independent construction of black hole interior operators based on the infalling observer's quantum state, linking operator growth to interior mode creation.

Findings

Interior modes depend on the observer’s measurement

Construction is independent of initial black hole states

Implications for firewall and information paradoxes

Abstract

We present concrete construction of interior operators for a black hole which is perturbed by an infalling observer. The construction is independent from the initial states of the black hole while dependent only on the quantum state of the infalling observer. The construction has a natural interpretation from the perspective of the boundary operator's growth, resulting from the collision between operators accounting for the infalling and outgoing modes. The interior partner modes are created once the infalling observer measures the outgoing mode, suggesting that the black hole interior is observer-dependent. Implications of our results on various conceptual puzzles, including the firewall puzzle and the information problem, are also discussed.