Geomagnetic Storm Main Phase Effect on the Equatorial Ionosphere over Ile-Ife as measured using GPS Observations

TL;DR

This study investigates how intense geomagnetic storms in 2011 affected the equatorial ionosphere over Ile-Ife, revealing TEC variations and scintillation effects linked to solar wind conditions using GPS data.

Contribution

It provides new insights into the ionospheric response to geomagnetic storms over Nigeria through detailed GPS-based TEC and scintillation analysis.

Findings

TEC depletion during August storm with a maximum of 9.31 TECU

TEC enhancement during September storm with a maximum of 55.8 TECU

Significant scintillation observed with a maximum index of 0.57

Abstract

The effect of the main phase of two intense geomagnetic storm events which occurred on August 5 - 6 and September 26 - 27, 2011 on the equatorial ionosphere have been investigated using Global Positioning System (GPS) data obtained from an Ile-Ife station (geomagnetic lat. \ang{9.84}N, long. 77.25 degree E, Dip \ang{7.25}N). Total Electron Content (TEC) profiles during the main phase of the two geomagnetically disturbed days were compared with quiet time average profiles to examine the response of the equatorial ionosphere. The results showed that the intensity of both storm events during the main phase which occurred at night-time correlated well with a strong southward direction of the z-component of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF-Bz) and Solar Wind Speed (Vsw), with the Disturbance storm time (Dst) profile showing multiple step development. TEC depletion was observed during the main phase of the August 5 - 6, 2011 storm event with TEC recording a maximum value of 9.31 TECU. A maximum TEC value of 55.8 TECU was recorded during the main phase of the September 26 - 27, 2011 storm event depicting TEC enhancement. Significant scintillation index value of 0.57 was observed when the main phase started on August 5 - 6, 2011 followed by a prolonged suppression while there was less significant scintillation impact on September 26 - 27, 2011 with a maximum value of 0.33. The present study show that rapid energy input from solar wind during geomagnetic storm events effect large variations in TEC and significant scintillation phenomenon in the equatorial ionosphere over Ile-Ife, Nigeria.