Mathematical validation of a continuum model for relaxation of interacting steps in crystal surfaces in $2$ space dimensions

TL;DR

This paper provides a mathematical validation for a continuum model describing the relaxation of crystal surface steps in two dimensions, addressing complex PDE challenges including degenerate mobility and the 1-Laplace operator.

Contribution

It establishes the existence of weak solutions for a complex PDE model involving degenerate mobility and the 1-Laplace operator in the context of crystal surface relaxation.

Findings

Existence of weak solutions proven.

Boundedness of |∇u| for p > 4/3.

Addresses mathematical properties of the 1-Laplace operator.

Abstract

In this paper we study the boundary value problem for the equation $\mbox{div}\left(D(\nabla u)\nabla\left(\mbox{div}\left(|\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u+\beta\frac{\nabla u}{|\nabla u|}\right)\right)\right)+au=f$ in the $z=(x,y)$ plane. This problem is derived from a continuum model for the relaxation of a crystal surface below the roughing temperature. The mathematical challenge is of two folds. First, the mobility $D(\nabla u)$ is a $2\times 2$ matrix whose smallest eigenvalue is not bounded away from $0$ below. Second, the equation contains the $1$-Laplace operator, whose mathematical properties are still not well-understood. Existence of a weak solution is obtained. In particular, $|\nabla u|$ is shown to be bounded when $p>\frac{4}{3}$.