Gradient dynamics model for drops spreading on polymer brushes

TL;DR

This paper introduces a gradient dynamics model for droplet spreading on polymer brushes, capturing coupled absorption, swelling, and wicking processes through an energy functional framework.

Contribution

It develops a generic mesoscale hydrodynamic model specifically for droplets on adaptive, swelling polymer brushes, integrating capillarity, wettability, and brush energy effects.

Findings

Numerical simulations demonstrate coupled spreading and absorption dynamics.

Model captures the influence of brush swelling on droplet behavior.

Framework allows for potential extensions to more complex systems.

Abstract

When a liquid drop spreads on an adaptive substrate the latter changes its properties what may result in an intricate coupled dynamics of drop and substrate. Here we present a generic mesoscale hydrodynamic model for such processes that is written as a gradient dynamics on an underlying energy functional. We specify the model details for the example of a drop spreading on a dry polymer brush. There, liquid absorption into the brush results in swelling of the brush causing changes in the brush topography and wettability. The liquid may also advance within the brush via diffusion (or wicking) resulting in coupled drop and brush dynamics. The specific model accounts for coupled spreading, absorption and wicking dynamics when the underlying energy functional incorporates capillarity, wettability and brush energy. After employing a simple version of such a model to numerically simulate a droplet spreading on a swelling brush we conclude with a discussion of possible model extensions.