Faster p-norm minimizing flows, via smoothed q-norm problems

TL;DR

This paper introduces faster algorithms for computing high-accuracy $ ext{ell}_p$-norm minimizing flows on graphs, achieving improved running times and extending applicability to a broader range of $p$ values.

Contribution

It presents novel algorithms that significantly improve the computational efficiency for $ ext{ell}_p$-norm flows and regression, utilizing interreducibility of smoothed $ ext{ell}_p$-norm problems.

Findings

Achieves $O(m^{1.24})$ time for $2 extless p extless m^{o(1)}$ flows.

Provides a $(1+ ext{delta})$-approximate maximum flow algorithm for certain $p$.

First high-accuracy $ ext{ell}_p$-norm flow algorithm with runtime $o(m^{1.5})$ for large $p$.

Abstract

We present faster high-accuracy algorithms for computing $\ell_p$-norm minimizing flows. On a graph with $m$ edges, our algorithm can compute a $(1+1/\text{poly}(m))$-approximate unweighted $\ell_p$-norm minimizing flow with $pm^{1+\frac{1}{p-1}+o(1)}$ operations, for any $p \ge 2,$ giving the best bound for all $p\gtrsim 5.24.$ Combined with the algorithm from the work of Adil et al. (SODA '19), we can now compute such flows for any $2\le p\le m^{o(1)}$ in time at most $O(m^{1.24}).$ In comparison, the previous best running time was $\Omega(m^{1.33})$ for large constant $p.$ For $p\sim\delta^{-1}\log m,$ our algorithm computes a $(1+\delta)$-approximate maximum flow on undirected graphs using $m^{1+o(1)}\delta^{-1}$ operations, matching the current best bound, albeit only for unit-capacity graphs. We also give an algorithm for solving general $\ell_{p}$-norm regression problems for large $p.$ Our algorithm makes $pm^{\frac{1}{3}+o(1)}\log^2(1/\varepsilon)$ calls to a linear solver. This gives the first high-accuracy algorithm for computing weighted $\ell_{p}$-norm minimizing flows that runs in time $o(m^{1.5})$ for some $p=m^{\Omega(1)}.$ Our key technical contribution is to show that smoothed $\ell_p$-norm problems introduced by Adil et al., are interreducible for different values of $p.$ No such reduction is known for standard $\ell_p$-norm problems.