MeV, GeV and TeV neutrinos from binary-driven hypernovae

TL;DR

This paper investigates neutrino emissions across MeV, GeV, and TeV energies from binary-driven hypernovae, exploring their production mechanisms, flavor evolution, and potential detectability in current and future neutrino observatories.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive model of neutrino production in binary-driven hypernovae, including thermal emission, flavor oscillations, and high-energy neutrino generation via vacuum breakdown and hadronic interactions.

Findings

Neutrino flavor oscillations lead to flavor equipartition in the accretion disk.

High-energy neutrinos are produced through proton interactions in the expanding plasma.

Estimated neutrino spectra and luminosities suggest potential detectability by current and future detectors.

Abstract

We analyze neutrino ($\nu$) emission channels in energetic ($\gtrsim 10^{52}$ erg) long gamma-ray bursts within the binary-driven hypernova model. The binary-driven hypernova progenitor is a binary system composed of a carbon-oxygen star and a neutron star (NS) companion. The gravitational collapse leads to a type Ic supernova (SN) explosion and triggers an accretion process onto the NS. For orbital periods of a few minutes, the NS reaches the critical mass and forms a black hole (BH). Two physical situations produce MeV $\nu$s. First, during the accretion, the NS surface emits $\nu$-$\bar{\nu}$ pairs by thermal production. We calculate the properties and the flavor evolution of such a $\nu$ emission. Second, if the angular momentum of the SN ejecta is high enough, an accretion disk might form around the BH. The disk's high density and temperature are ideal for MeV-$\nu$ production. We estimate the flavor evolution and find that $\nu$ oscillation inside the disk leads to flavor equipartition. This effect reduces (compared to assuming frozen flavor content) the energy deposition rate of $\nu$-$\bar{\nu}$ annihilation into electron-positron ($e^+e^-$) pairs in the BH vicinity. We then analyze the production of GeV-TeV $\nu$s around the BH. The magnetic field surrounding the BH interacts with the BH gravitomagnetic field producing an electric field that leads to spontaneous $e^+e^-$ pairs by vacuum breakdown. The pairs plasma self-accelerates due to its internal pressure and engulfs protons during the expansion. The hadronic interaction of the protons in the expanding plasma with the ambient protons leads to $\nu$ emission via the decay chain of $\pi$ and $\mu$, around and far from the BH, along different directions. These $\nu$s have GeV-TeV energies, and we calculate their spectrum and luminosity. We also outline the detection probability by some current and future $\nu$ detectors.