On the time continuous evolution of the universe if time is discrete and irreversible in nature

TL;DR

This paper explores the implications of modeling the universe's evolution with discrete, irreversible time rather than continuous, reversible time, leading to natural predictions of cosmic phenomena.

Contribution

It introduces a framework applying discrete and irreversible time to cosmology, deriving cosmic constant and inflation from fundamental assumptions.

Findings

Cosmic constant predicted from discrete time model

Universe inflation explained without additional assumptions

Quantitative agreement with current universe size

Abstract

The time evolution of the universe is usually mathematically described under a continuous time and thus time reversible. Here, the consequences of studying the evolution of a homogenous isotropic universe by time continuous reversible physics are studied if time is actually discrete and irreversible in nature. The discrete dynamical time concept of Lee and its continuous time limit to the continuous time case is applied to the Newtonian limit of the general relativity theory. By doing so, the cosmic constant as well as the inflation of the universe arise and are predicted quantitatively well by assuming the smallest time step to be the Planck time and by using the current size of the universe.