Entropy driven formation of complex crystals in soft nanoparticle systems

TL;DR

This paper presents a theoretical framework explaining how entropy-driven self-assembly in soft nanoparticle systems leads to complex crystalline and quasiperiodic structures, including dodecagonal phases, matching many experimental observations.

Contribution

It introduces a free energy-based model predicting diverse phases in binary soft nanoparticle systems, including new tilings, based on particle composition and size ratio.

Findings

Predicts formation of various crystalline and quasiperiodic structures.

Explains stabilization of dodecagonal phases by soft nanoparticle shells.

Suggests new square-triangle tilings for different packing fractions.

Abstract

We present a theoretical description of a mechanism for self assembly in binary soft nanoparticle systems of the type which were studied experimentally by Talapin et al [1]. We focus on, in particular, the conditions for formation of dodecagonal phases, and explain why these can be stabilized by the soft shells of the nanoparticles. We describe the different types of phase transition that are possible in terms of an effective free energy derived from n-body depletion potentials. A large variety of crystalline and several quasiperiodic structures are predicted to form, depending on the composition of the binary system and the size ratio of the particles. We show that this theory can qualitatively explain many of the experimentally seen structures, including striped, tetragonal, hexagonal and quasiperiodic phases. We also predict several new square triangle tilings corresponding to different packing fractions and clusters than the one dodecagonal phase that has been observed so far. Our theory can be tested in principle by detailed numerical investigations of the depletion forces in binary systems.