Design and Implementation of a Wireless SensorNetwork for Agricultural Applications

TL;DR

This paper details the design and implementation of an energy-efficient wireless sensor network for agricultural monitoring, emphasizing a synchronized sleep-wake schedule, stable routing, and practical deployment insights.

Contribution

It introduces a low-cost, energy-efficient sensor network architecture with a stable routing tree suitable for long-term agricultural data collection.

Findings

Network lifetime was maximized through synchronized sleep-wake cycles.

Stable routing trees were effective over 3-day data collection periods.

Energy consumption imbalance among nodes was minimal.

Abstract

We present the design and implementation of a shortest path tree based, energy efficient data collection wireless sensor network to sense various parameters in an agricultural farm using in-house developed low cost sensors. Nodes follow a synchronized, periodic sleep-wake up schedule to maximize the lifetime of the network. The implemented network consists of 24 sensor nodes in a 3 acre maize farm and its performance is captured by 7 snooper nodes for different data collection intervals: 10 minutes, 1 hour and 3 hours. The almost static nature of wireless links in the farm motivated us to use the same tree for a long data collection period(3 days). The imbalance in energy consumption across nodes is observed to be very small and the network architecture uses easy-to-implement protocols to perform different network activities including handling of node failures. We present the results and analysis of extensive tests conducted on our implementation, which provide significant insights.