Four-top as probe of light top-philic New Physics

TL;DR

This paper explores how four-top final states at the LHC can be used to detect light top-philic new particles with different spins, analyzing their effects on kinematic distributions and proposing observables for their identification.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive analysis of light top-philic new physics models with spin 0, 1, or 2, highlighting their distinct signatures and the importance of interference effects in four-top production.

Findings

Spin-2 NP produces harder kinematic distributions than SM.

Angular separation between leptons is sensitive to spin-0 NP.

Spin-0 and spin-2 NP can be identified via $t\bar{t}\gamma\gamma$ signals.

Abstract

We study the four-top final state at the LHC as a probe for New Physics (NP) effects due to new particles that couple predominantly to the top quark and whose masses are below the top-quark-pair production threshold. We consider simple NP models containing a new particle with either spin 0, spin 1, or spin 2, and find benchmark points compatible with current experimental results. We find that interference effects between NP and QED amplitudes can be large, pointing out the necessity of NLO contributions to be explicitly computed and taken into account when NP is present. We examine kinematic differences between these models and the Standard Model (SM) at the parton level and the reconstructed level. In the latter case, we focus on events selected requiring two same-sign leptons and multiple jets. We investigate how the different Lorentz structure of the light NP affects the kinematic hardness, the polarization, the spin correlations, and the angular distributions of the parton-level and/or final-state particles. We find that spin-2 light NP would be identified by harder kinematics than the SM. We also show that the angular separation between the same-sign leptons is a sensitive observable for spin-0 NP. The spin-0 and spin-2 NP cases would also yield a signal in $t\bar t \gamma\gamma$ with the invariant mass of the photons indicating the mass of the new particle. The spin-1 NP would be identified through an excess in four-top signal and slight or not modification in other observables, as for instance the lack of signal in $t\bar t \gamma\gamma$ due to the Landau-Yang theorem. We comment on the opportunities that would open from the kinematic reconstruction of some of the top quarks in the four-top state. Our results provide new handles to probe for light top-philic NP as part of the ongoing experimental program of searches for four-top production at the LHC Run 2 and beyond.