Solitosynthesis and Gravitational Waves

TL;DR

This paper explores how solitosynthesis-driven phase transitions in the early universe can produce stronger gravitational wave signals than thermal transitions, with implications for dark matter models.

Contribution

It introduces the gravitational wave phenomenology of solitosynthesis, highlighting differences from thermal phase transitions and analyzing a specific dark matter model.

Findings

Gravitational wave amplitude from solitosynthesis is stronger than thermal transitions.

Peak gravitational wave spectrum occurs at a frequency consistent with Hubble timescales.

Current and future experiments can constrain solitosynthesis scenarios.

Abstract

We study the gravitational wave phenomenology in models of solitosynthesis. In such models, a first order phase transition is precipitated by a period in which non-topological solitons with a conserved global charge (Q-balls) accumulate charge. As such, the nucleation rate of critical bubbles differs significantly from thermal phase transitions. In general we find that the peak amplitude of the gravitational wave spectrum resulting from solitosynthesis is stronger than that of a thermal phase transition and the timescale of the onset of nonlinear plasma dynamics is comparable to Hubble. We demonstrate this explicitly in an asymmetric dark matter model, and discuss current and future constraints in this scenario.