The Fast Radio Burst Luminosity Function and Death Line in the Low-Twist Magnetar Model

TL;DR

This paper models the luminosity function of FRBs within the low-twist magnetar framework, linking burst energies to magnetar properties, and predicts a characteristic energy cutoff and a segregation between magnetars and pulsars.

Contribution

It introduces a new inversion protocol connecting magnetar burst fluences to FRB luminosities and proposes a death line distinguishing magnetars from pulsars as FRB sources.

Findings

FRB luminosity peaks at 10^{37}-10^{40} erg

Burst fluence distribution is narrow, spanning less than 3 decades

A predicted death line separates magnetars from pulsars

Abstract

We explore the burst energy distribution of fast radio bursts (FRBs) in the low-twist magnetar model of Wadiasingh and Timokhin (2019). Motivated by the power-law fluence distributions of FRB 121102, we propose an elementary model for the FRB luminosity function of individual repeaters with an inversion protocol which directly relates the power-law distribution index of magnetar short burst fluences to that for FRBs. The protocol indicates the FRB energy scales virtually linearly with crust/field dislocation amplitude, if magnetar short bursts prevail in the magnetoelastic regime. Charge starvation in the magnetosphere during bursts (required in WT19) for individual repeaters implies the predicted burst fluence distribution is narrow, $\lesssim 3$ decades for yielding strains and oscillation frequencies feasible in magnetar crusts. Requiring magnetic confinement and charge starvation, we obtain a death line for FRBs which segregates magnetars from the normal pulsar population, suggesting only the former will host recurrent FRBs. We convolve the burst energy distribution for individual magnetars to define the distribution of luminosities in evolved magnetar populations. The broken power-law luminosity function's low energy character depends on the population model, while the high energy index traces that of individual repeaters. Independent of the evolved population, the broken power-law isotropic-equivalent energy/luminosity function peaks at $\sim10^{37}-10^{40}$ erg with a low-energy cutoff at $\sim 10^{37}$ erg. Lastly, we consider the local fluence distribution of FRBs, and find that it can constrain the subset of FRB-producing magnetar progenitors. Our model suggests that improvements in sensitivity may reveal flattening of the global FRB fluence distribution and saturation in FRB rates.