Optimizing the Performance of the CMS ECAL Trigger for Runs 2 and 3 of the CERN LHC

TL;DR

This paper discusses the enhancements and calibration methods of the CMS ECAL trigger system during LHC Runs 2 and 3, aiming to improve electron and photon detection amid increased radiation and luminosity conditions.

Contribution

It introduces new calibration techniques and improved algorithms for the ECAL trigger system to maintain high performance during higher luminosity runs.

Findings

Calibrations effectively compensate for radiation damage effects.

Improved algorithms enhance energy and time resolution.

Preliminary performance estimates show potential gains.

Abstract

The CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) is a high resolution crystal calorimeter operating at the CERN LHC. It is responsible for the identification and precise reconstruction of electrons and photons in CMS, which were crucial in the discovery and subsequent characterization of the Higgs boson. It also contributes to the reconstruction of tau leptons, jets, and calorimeter energy sums, which are vital components of many CMS physics analyses. The ECAL trigger system employs fast digital signal processing algorithms to precisely measure the energy and timing information of ECAL energy deposits recorded during LHC collisions. These trigger primitives are transmitted to the Level-1 trigger system at the LHC collisions rate of 40 MHz. These energy deposits are then combined with information from other CMS sub-detectors to determine whether the event should trigger the readout of the data from CMS to permanent storage. This presentation will summarize the ECAL trigger performance achieved during LHC Run 2 (2015-2018). It will describe the methods that are used to provide frequent calibrations of the ECAL trigger primitives during LHC operation. These are needed to account for radiation-induced changes in crystal and photodetector response, and to minimize the spurious triggering on direct signals in the photodetectors used in the barrel region ($\eta<$1.48). Both of these effects are increased relative to LHC Run 1 (2009-2012), due to the higher luminosities experienced in Run 2. Further improvements in the energy and time reconstruction of the CMS ECAL trigger primitives are being explored for LHC Run 3 (2021-23). The main features of these improved algorithms will be described and preliminary estimates of the potential performance gains will be given.